C
Every school has an in-crowd—and a less-than-cool group, too.
Amy’s hair is always perfect. “And,” says 17-year-old Danielle L. about her classmate, “she has so many outfits that she doesn’t wear the same one twice.” Like Danielle, you probably know who’s really popular at your school. They’re the trendsetters (引领潮流者), and everyone else follows their lead.
The standards of the in-crowd differ from culture to culture and even school to school. Nevertheless, teens worldwide worry about popularity. As people grow from children to adults, looking for support from peers (同伴) is normal, explains a psychologist at the University of North Carolina.
Being popular has certain benefits. Popular kids often enjoy plenty of party invites and dates. Along the way, they develop social skills and learn how to get along in different situations too.
Being a trendsetter can also be exciting. That’s especially true if that status (地位) is used for a positive goal, such as making school a more welcoming place. “It is my hope that popular teens will choose to be the superhero rather than the villain,” says psychologist Leanna Closson.
Popularity can have an unpleasant side, though. “Amy is very self-centred and complains about petty things,” notes Danielle. “She makes fun of other people and is in general not an all-around nice person.” Eric M. says the popular crowd acts the same way at his high school. “They act really mean on the outside to make themselves seem better than everyone else,” says the 16-year-old.
If being both popular and unlikable seems strange, think about how some teens—especially girls—try to boost (吹捧) their status. They don’t just pick on unpopular kids; they often aim at the middle and higher popularity levels. Teens may secretly hope their popularity will rise if they knock down possible “competitors”. Even if that makes them more popular, in the process they may make themselves less likeable.
Achieving popularity doesn’t promise happiness, either. One study of New England teens found that high-status girls were more likely to have symptoms of depression (沮丧) after high school. Feeling you always have to act a certain way to stay popular can be stressful, suggests Antonius Cillessen of the Netherlands’ Radboud University. “Keeping status is like walking on your toes all the time,” he says. “It’s hard work.”
53. What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A. An in-crowd is mostly made up of girls.
B. Amy belongs to a less-than-cool group.
C. Danielle is popular because of her hair style.
D. Trendsetters set the trend for others to follow.
54. What does Leanna Closson hope to see?
A. The in-crowd will develop better social skills.
B. Popular teens will influence others positively.
C. The in-crowd will work hard to achieve popularity.
D. Popular teens will take part in more competitions.
55. What is the best title of the passage?
A. School Competitions: Yes or No
B. In-crowd at School: Dos and Don’ts
C. School Trendsetters: The Good and Bad
D. Being Popular at School: For or Against
D
It’s no secret that reading is helpful. But can it help kids lose weight? In the first study to look at the influence of literature (文学) on overweight teenagers, researchers at Duke Children’s Hospital discovered that reading the right type of novel may make a difference.
The Duke researchers asked overweight girls aged 9 to 13 who were already in a weight loss program to read a novel called Lake Rescue. It was carefully created with the help of pediatric experts (儿科专家) to include specific healthy lifestyle and weight management guidance, as well as positive messages and strong role models.
Six months later, the Duke researchers found the 31 girls who read Lake Rescue experienced a significant decrease (fall) in their BMI scores (-.71%) when compared to a control group of 14 girls who hadn’t (+.05%), explained Alexandra C. Russell, a fourth-year medical student at Duke who led the study.
“As a pediatrician, I can’t count the number of times I tell parents to buy a book that might provide useful advice, yet I’ve never been able to point to research to back up my recommendations,” says Sarah Armstrong, director of Duke’s Healthy Lifestyles Program where the research took place. “This is the first probable interventional (介入的) study that found literature can have a positive influence on healthy lifestyle changes in young girls.”
Obesity is becoming more widespread in children, according to the CDC (Centres for Disease Control), which reports that 16 percent of children aged 6 to 19 are overweight or obese, a number that has increased since 1980. Researchers are looking at a lot of ways to help kids stay healthy, lose weight and be more active, but Armstrong says, “most don’t work very well. The weight loss choices that are effective typically involve taking powerful medications with side effects, or require long-lasting surgical procedures.”
While the BMI decrease due to the book is small, Armstrong says any decrease in BMI is encouraging because BMI typically increases in children as they grow and develop. That’s okay as long as it follows a normal, progressing curve. In overweight kids, however, BMI usually increases more quickly. “If their BMI percentile (百分位) goes down, it means they are either losing weight or getting tall and not gaining weight. Both are seen as positive signs in kids who are trying to lose weight,” she explains.
56. What did researchers at Duke Children’s Hospital do?
A. They tried to find out the reasons why kids are overweight.
B. They focused on the research into girls’ healthy lifestyle.
C. They studied whether literature could help lose weight.
D. They helped the girls to choose right books to read.
57. The underlined phrase “back up my recommendations” probably means “_____”.
A. influence my research B. change my opinion
C. respect my study D. support my advice
58. Which of the following statements about the research is TRUE?
A. The researchers interviewed the girls and studied information.
B. Pediatric experts offered specific guidance to the research. C. 16 percent of children aged from 9 to 13 were overweight.
D. The girls read a certain novel and gave their reports.
59. What’s the finding of the research?
A. That the girls all grew tall and lost weight after 6 months.
B. That the girls showed great interest in reading literature works.
C. That the girls who read Lake Rescue had a decrease in BMI.
D. That the girls needed to take powerful medications to lose weight.
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